"SOCIOLOGY MUST NOT BE A SIMPLE ILLUSTRATION OF READY-MADE AND DECEPTIVE TRUISMS; IT MUST FASHION DISCOVERIES WHICH CANNOT FAIL TO UPSET ACCEPTED NOTIONS." 1909IDEAS DEVELOPED PRIOR TO 1888
AS DURKHEIM STATES, "THE TOTALITY OF BELIEFS AND SENTIMENTS COMMON TO AVERAGE CITIZENS OF THE SAME SOCIETY FORMS A DETERMINATE SYSTEM WHICH HAS ITS OWN LIFE; ONE MAY CALL IT THE COLLECTIVE OR COMMON CONSCIENCE." ... "IT IS, IN EFFECT, INDEPENDENT OF THE PARTICULAR CONDITIONS IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS ARE PLACED; THEY PASS ON AND IT REMAINS." (PAGE 79-80 THE DIVISION OF LABOR IN SOCIETY.)
"But in reality there is in every society a certain group of phenomena which may be differentiated from those studied by the other natural sciences. When I fulfill my obligations as brother, husband, or citizen, when I execute my contracts, I perform duties which are defined, externally to myself and my acts, in law and in custom. Even if I conform to my own sentiments and I feel their reality subjectively, such reality is still objective, for I did not create them; I merely inherited them through my education." (pg. 1 Rules of Sociological Methods)CHARACTERIZED BY;
"Our definition will then include the whole relevant range of facts if we say: A social fact is every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exercising on the individual an external constraint; or again, every way of acting which is general throughout a given society, while at the same time existing in its own right independent of its individual manifestations."SOCIAL FACTS SHOULD BE EXPLAINED IN TERMS OF OTHER SOCIAL FACTS
FOUR TYPES OF SUICIDE
OUTGROWTH OF THE DIVISION OF LABOR AND THE "CULT OF INDIVIDUALISM"
ALSO THE RESULT OF THE DIVISION OF LABOR, PROBLEMS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE ORGANIC SYSTEM
AN ASPECT OF TRADITIONAL SOCIETIES OR TIGHTLY KNIT GROUPS; A BY-PRODUCT OF A STRONG CONSCIENCE COLLECTIVE
ASPECT OF OVERPOWERING SOCIAL CONTROL. YOU GIVE UP TO AUTHORITY SO COMPLETELY THE ONLY WAY OUT IS SUICIDE. IS THIS THE LAST ASPECT OF INDIVIDUALISM? NOT LIKELY, ALL INDIVIDUALISM IS GONE. SLAVE IN ANTIQUITY AND PERHAPS JEWS DURING THE HOLOCAUST? (found on page 276 as a footnote)
"A religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden -- beliefs and practices which united into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them."
THEREFORE:
- SYMBOLIZED DIVINITY AND THE CLAN ITSELF
- TOTEMIC DIVINITY AND CLAN ARE REALLY THE SAME THING
- DIVINE IS ONLY SYMBOLIC EXPRESSION OF SOCIETY, BOTH "GOD" AND SOCIETY POSSESS MORAL AUTHORITY; INSPIRE DEVOTION; AND SACRIFICE
DEPENDENT VARIABLES | |||
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE | TYPE OF LAW (INDEX) | TYPE OF SOLIDARITY | EFFECT ON PERSONALITY |
LITTLE OR NO DIVISION OF LABOR | REPRESSIVE LAW | MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY | COLLECTIVE CONSCIENCE OVERWHELMS PERSONALITY |
DIVISION OF LABOR | RESTITUTIVE LAW | ORGANIC SOLIDARITY | VARIED PERSONALITIES DEVELOP |
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